State of the Environment Reports by country and region

On this page: regions - countries

Regional reports


Caspian Sea
  • Vital Caspian Graphics: Challenges Beyond Caviar 2006
    2006 UNEP/GRID-Arendal
    Vital Caspian Graphics: Challenges Beyond Caviar examines very complex, yet fascinating issues affecting the environment of the Caspian Sea and the surrounding areas. Illustrated with more than 50 maps and diagrams, it provides a well-researched, well-documented and up-to-date analysis of the geopolitical, economic, environmental, population and security conditions that have resulted to a blend of competition and reluctant collaboration among nation states, complex economic interests, as well as legal, political, and ideological struggle in the region.
  • Caspian Environment 2002
    2002 Ieva Rucevska, Zurab Jincharadze, Marianne Hartz
    Summarizes environmental information about the region that is presented in the report Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for the Caspian Sea (2002) that was published by the Caspian Environment Programme. It highlights five transboundary environmental problems of high importance in the region: the decline in commercial fish stocks, the degradation of the coastal, the threats to biodiversity, the decline in environmental quality, and the growing number of alien species. In addition, it includes analyses of minor transboundary or national environmental issues, such as the decline in human health and coastal infrastructure.
    Also available: Russian language edition
Caucasus
  • Caucasus Environment Outlook (CEO), 2002
    2002 GRID-Tbilisi, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
    This first Caucasus Environment Outlook (CEO) is a regional report and the result of work by experts from four countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia. The major objectives of the CEO are to report on the status of the Caucasus environment, identify ongoing socio-economic "driving forces" and offer an integrated look at regional economic and environmental trends and appropriate policy measures for the last 30-year period, in order to analyse changes which have occurred since the Stockholm Conference (1972) to date.
Central Asia
  • Ferghana Valley State of the Environment Report 2006
    GRID-Arendal
    Popular State of the Environment Report for 4 Oblasts of the Ferghana Valley: Sogdiana, Batken, Osh, Jalal-Abat.
  • Thirteen environmental stories from Central Asia 2003
    [PDF]
    2003 UNEP/GRID-Arendal
    This collection of 13 environmental stories from Central Asia was compiled by UNEP/GRID-Arendal as a 'by-product' to our everyday work strengthening environmental information.
  • State of Environment of the Aral Sea Basin (2000)
    2000 UNEP/GRID-Arendal
    Since the 1960's, a sharp decrease of the Aral Sea level has been observed. This is connected with the intensive water consumption from the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers on agricultural lands. By 1990, the Aral Sea level had decreased by 14 m and the water volume had decreased three times. As the water pulled back, new territory was formed. This area has a high content of sand, salt and waste.
    Also available: Russian
Central Europe
  • Biodiversity in Central and Eastern Europe 2000
    2000 UNEP GRID-Arendal
    A sampler with national biodiversity status information from 22 CEE/NIS countries. Contains national information, regional maps and graphics, and text documents on international processes related to the implementation of the convention on biodiversity.

Country reports

Albania

Armenia

  • State of the Environment 2003
    [PDF]
    2003 Analytical Information Centre of Armenia
    The State of the Environment of Armenia report includes analyses of different environmental issues e.g., air pollution, climate change, surface and ground water, soil and land resources, biodiversity, geology, waste, and health issues. As well as it provides analyses about the driving forces and different policies in order to solve number of environmental problems.
  • State of the Environment Report for Armenia Year 2000
    2000 Analytic Information Center (AIC) of the Ministry of Nature Protection of Armenia
    This report consists of seven main topics covering contemporary National environmental priorities of the Republic of Armenia. The report is presented both in Armenian and English. There are several subtopics presented for each specific chapter. The report is structured according to the OECD Pressure - State - Response indicator framework. Report contains up to date information on environmental situation in Armenia, main problems, trends, management structure and the national environmental policy. In the report you will also find a short overview of Armenia's socio-economic situation, population, history and culture. The list of relevant national and international Internet links is provided for each chapter. Browsing the Map Library presented in the report will offer you a wide range of general, thematic, and regional maps of Armenia.
    Also available: Armenian language version
  • State of the Environment 1998 Armenia 1999
    1999 Ministry of Environmental Protection, Republic of Armenia; UNEP/ GRID-Arendal
    This report assesses eight main environmental themes for Armenia: biodiversity, water resources, Lake Sevan (flora, fauna, physical features and other sectors), wetlands, air pollution, land resources, forest resources and hazardous waste. The report also includes background information on Armenia ("Features of Armenia") and information on its environmental institutions, education, legislation and international cooperation.

Azerbaijan

  • State of the Environment Azerbaijan 1998
    1998 UNEP GRID-Arendal's ENRIN (Environment and Natural Resources Information Network) Programme
    This report includes an assessment of Azerbaijan's environmental policy, ecology (including issues such as water, air and soil contamination), biodiversity and ecological society (including information on environmental awareness and activism in Azerbaijan).

Belarus

  • State of the Environment in the Republic of Belarus 2005
    Popular report
    2005 R&D Center “Ecology” and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus
    The electronic version of the Popular report “State of the Environment in the Republic of Belarus” developed by the R&D Center “Ecology” and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus, contains many illustrations, maps and graphs. Its purpose is to present information on the most important national environmental issues in the popular form, making it more user-friendly to general public.
    Also available: English language version
  • State of Water Resources of the Republic of Belarus 2003
    2003 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus
    The annual water resources per one resident in Belarus comprise 3,600 m3, including 1,400 m3 of ground water, which is sufficient for the current and prospective needs of the country. The main water problems in Belarus include pollution of natural water sources as the result of economic activities, ineffective use of water resources, and natural contamination of ground water with iron in certain areas. Belarus strives to improve the effectiveness of use of the natural water and its protection, conducts surface and groundwater monitoring.
    Also available: Russian language version

Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • Environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002
    2002 Civil Society Promotion Center
    This is the on-line version of the publication Environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002, published by Civil Society Promotion Center from Sarajevo in June 2002.
    Also available: Bosanski
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina: State of the Environment 1998
    1998 Environment Department, Federal Ministry of Physical Planning and Environment, Bosnian Environmental Technologies Association, UNEP/GRID-Arendal
    This report assesses ten major environmental themes for Bosnia-Herzegovina: the marine and coastal environment, socio-economic development, nature and biodiversity, the urban environment, soil degradation, climate change, acidification, chemicals, water and waste. The pressure-state-response framework is used.

Croatia

  • State of the Environment Report - Republic of Croatia 2003
    2003 Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning
    Solid waste disposal is the country's number one environmental priority. The volume is growing and many disposal sites do not meet legislated standards. The report also addresses a wide range of other environmental issues, providing a comprehensive overview of the state of Croatia's environment.

Czech Republic

  • Report on the Environment in the Czech Republic [CR] in 1999
    1999 Ministry of the Environment, Czech Republic
    This report begins by assessing favourable and unfavourable environmental trends in the Czech Republic (CR). The effects of factors such as technical, administrative and financial measures are discussed. Expenditures on environmental protection for 1990 to 1999 are analyzed. The report also compares the state of the Czech environment to that of several EU (European Union) and OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) states, assesses the results of the state environmental policy and discusses progress made in meeting EU regulations.
    Also available: Commentary on the report

Estonia

  • State of Environment in Estonia on the Threshold of XXI Century 2001
    2001 Estonian Environment Information Centre
    This report uses a modified pressure-state-response framework of environmental indicators to assess the state of the environment in Estonia. The main environmental issues examined are atmospheric air, water, biodiversity and waste.
  • State of Environment in Estonia 2000
    2000 Estonian Environment Information Centre "in cooperation with consultants of Phare DADAM project"
    This report uses Pressure, State, Impact and Response indicators to determine the state of the environment in Estonia. Thirteen environmental themes are examined, including acidification, eutrophication, biodiversity, water resources and waste disposal. The "Indicators" link provides an overview of all thirteen themes and the indicators used to assess them.

Georgia

  • Health and Environment in Georgia 2000
    2000 UNEP/GRID-Tbilisi
    The report consist of two interrelated parts - environment and health, presented, where possible by use of aggregated indicators. Detailed statistics and charts on topics such as air and water quality, demographics, health and health care and other related statistics are included as supporting information.Report available only in Georgian
  • Georgia State of the Environment 1996
    1996 Ministry of Environment of Georgia, Georgian Geoinformation Centre; UNEP GRID-Arendal
    This report assesses nine main environmental themes: water, soils, air, biodiversity, toxic contamination, forest resources, the Black Sea, the Kolkheti Wetlands and mineral resources. The report also includes information on Georgia's environmental institutions, education and public awareness, legislation and international cooperation.

Hungary

  • State of the Environment in Hungary 1999
    1999 Ministry of the Environment (Hungary); GRID (Global Resource Information Database)-Budapest
    This report uses the pressure-state-response framework to assess ten environmental themes for Hungary: air, climate, water, land, nature, health, waste, noise, distinguished area(s), defined as areas with cumulative environmental problems and environmental safety.

Kazakhstan

  • State of the Environment in Kazakstan 2004
    2004 Ministry of the Environment in Kazakhstan
    This report covers the priority environmental issues in Kazakhstan. It includes updated statistical and monitoring information for the last few years.
  • Kazakhstan: State of Environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1999
    1999? Esekin, B.K., V.P. Bogachev et al.
    Nine major environmental themes are covered in this report: atmosphere, climate, biodiversity, soil, forests, water resources, power, radiation and wastes. An assessment of each sector is provided and where possible, measures being taken to improve the situation are described. Contributors to the report are from the National Environmental Center for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan, with the support of UNEP/ GRID-Arendal.
  • State of the Environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1998
    1998 National Environmental Centre for Sustainable Development; Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
    The basic attention in the report is given to the description of seven priority national environmental problems, identified at the development of the National Environmental Action Plan for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NEAP/SD): Deficit of water resources; Degradation of pasture and arable lands; air pollution of urban territories; Environmental pollution in oil fields area; Environmental pollution with industrial and municipal solid waste; Shortage of forests and especially protected territories; Pollution of the water bodies with wastewater.

Kosovo

  • Kosovo State of the Environment 2003
    2003 Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning
    Kosovo is part of Serbia-Montenegro, currently ruled according to Resolution 1244 of the UN Security Council. The report is compiled by experts of the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning established as part of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government.
    Also available: pdf fomat

Kyrgyzstan

  • Kyrgyzstan State of the Environment Report 2001
    [PDF]
    2001 Ministry of Enviroment Protection
    State of the Environment Report 2001, in Russian only.
  • Environment state of Kyrgyz Republic 2000
    2000 National Environment Protection Ministry
    At present the ecological situation in the Kyrgyz Republic is getting worse, for instance intensive melting of glaciers, shortage of fresh drinking water, soil salinisation, withdrawal of fertile and watered lands from crop rotation,and disappearance of unique biodiversity.
  • State of the Environment of Kyrgyzstan 1998
    1998 Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University and Ministry of Enviroment Protection
    In a number of its regions and on a number of indicators a state is characterised by crisis phenomena which may to proceed in irreversible processes.  An unfavourable in a whole ecological state is aggravated by economic problems, forcing the population inefficient to use natural resources (cutting down woods, poaching, extensive use of arable grounds, neglect by melioration and other measures) that results, by a principle of a closed circle, in much greater deterioration of an ecological state.           At the same time, in Kyrgyzstan the unique landscapes, cleanest waters and air were kept almost untouched by anthropogenic activity which, besides other, have economic value, represent the special goods of international importance, the price on which will grow with time.

Latvia

  • Environmental Indicators in Latvia 2002
    2002 Latvia
    Environmental Indicators in Latvia - 2002
  • Latvian State of the Environment Report 1998
    1998 Latvian Environment Agency
    This report uses the state-pressure-response framework to assess the state of the environment in Latvia. Seven main environmental themes are assessed: nature and biodiversity, soil and agriculture, air, water, natural resources, municipal solid wstes and enviornmental risks auch as radiation and environmental accidents. Includes links to the 1997 and 1996 SOE reports.
  • Latvian State of the Environment Report 1997
    1997 Environmental Consulting and Monitoring Centre, Latvia
    This report covers biodiversity, air, water, soil, natural resources and other factors to assess the state of Latvia's environment. The State, Pressure, Response framework of assessment is used.

Lithuania

  • State of the Environment Lithuania 1998
    1998? Joint Research Center of the Ministry of Environment, Lithuania
    This report uses the pressure-state-response framework to assess eight main environmental themes for Lithuania: air, water, soil, nature (including information on forests, wetlands and other areas under "Additional Information"), marine areas, waste, radiation and major accidents.

Macedonia, FYR

  • State of the Environment Report: Republic of Macedonia 2000
    2000 Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Republic of Macedonia
    This report assesses the air, water, waste, biodiversity, forest, soil and ozone in the Republic of Macedonia. The driving forces-state-pressure-impact-response framework is used for some factors, while a general assessment is used for others.
  • State of Environment in Republic of Macedonia, 1998
    1998 Ministry of Urban Planning, Construction and Environment, Republic of Macedonia
    This report includes information on Macedonia's environmental management, standards, regulations and priority activities. Ten sectors are assessed: population, air, water, waste, land, forests, natural heritage, cultural heritage, noise and ozone.
    Local reports
    • Analytical Results of UNEP Field Samples from Industrial Hot Spots and Refugee Sites in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2000
      [PDF]
      2000 UNEP Balkans
      During the week of 10-17 September 2000, a UNEP mission visited the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYR of Macedonia) to assess environmental conditions in the aftermath of the Kosovo conflict. The ‘hot spot’ subgroup visited ten environmental sites throughout the country. At the sites, UNEP experts met with company and local officials, inspected facilities and environmental conditions, and took samples, as appropriate. This report summarizes UNEP’s sample results and contains expert observations on site conditions.
    • Environmental Impacts of the Refugee Influx in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2000
      [PDF]
      2000 UNEP Balkans
      The purpose of this report is to assess the impacts of the 1999 refugee influx on the environment of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The report concludes that the long-term environmental impacts of refugee influxes to FYR of Macedonia are minimal. The report provides site-specific recommendations for each of the assessed camps and collective centers, and also considers actions that can be taken to further integrate environmental protection into future refugee operations.

Moldova, Republic of

  • State of the Environment in the Republic of Moldova
    Popular report, 2004
    2004 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources; National Institute of Ecology
    This report is a short and popular presentation of the state of the environment in the Republic of Moldova. It covers analyses of ecological situation, utilization and major impact upon the environment and their components, as well as ecological policy in country at actual phase of development.
  • Summary Environment State in the Republic of Moldova 1998
    [State of the Environment Report for Moldova]
    1998 Ecological Monitoring Centre of the National Institute of Ecology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
    This report assesses ten major environmental themes in the Republic of Moldova: climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, chemicals, waste, nature, forest and biodiversity, water, soil degradation, the urban environment and major accidents (technological and natural hazards). The report also includes information on environmental policies and actions in the Republic of Moldova.
    Local reports

Poland

  • State of the Environment in Poland 1998
    1998 State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection
    Improvement in or reduction of the rate of degradation of many environmental components is observed in Poland. Not the industry anymore, but rather growing individual consumption of energy, fuels and disposable and short-term usage goods, as well as uninhibited motorization growth, is posing ever increasing threats to the environment.
    Also available: English version
  • State of the Environment in Poland 1997
    1997 Andrzejewski, Roman, Stanislaw Balazy et al.; UNEP-GRID Warsaw
    This report assesses thirteen major environmental themes in Poland, including the geographical environment (assessing climate, soils and other factors), forests, groundwater, climate, the agricultural environment and waste products. Other areas assessed are land use, soils, noise and vibration, protected areas and species, air, radioactivity and surface water and the Baltic Sea. The report's conclusions include that chemical pollution, land use changes and biodiversity loss are some of the most serious environmental problems in Poland.

Romania

Russian Federation

    Local reports
    • Local environmental information system for the city of Pskov 2005
      2005 The Environment Agency of England, UNEP/GRID-Arendal
      This tool provides citizens of Pskov and other interested users with information about sources of air, water and soil pollution in the city and thus creates a precourse for development of local PRTRs in other cities.
    • Bulletin on state of the environment in Nothwest Russia, bulletin N# 1 2004
      [Microsoft Word document]
      2004 REFIA
      Bulletin about the state of the environment in Northwest Russia
    • Bulletin on state of the environment in Nothwest Russia, bulletin N# 2 2004
      [Microsoft Word document]
      2004 REFIA
      Bulletin on state of the environment in Nothwest Russia.
    • Calendar "Natural Resources and the Environment in Northwest Federal District of Russia" 2004
      [PDF]
      2004 The North-West Federal District of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia
      This calendar gives an overview of the main natural resources and the key environmental problems in the eleven regions of the Northwest Federal District of Russia.
      Also available: in English (.pdf)
    • State-of-the Environment in Northwest Federal District of Russia 2004
      2004 Department of the State Control and Perspective Development in the Field of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of the MNR of Russia in the North-West Federal District
      The report is the tangible result of the project on Strengthening the Access to Environmental Information in Northwest Russia. The State-of-the Environment describes the overall situation with air, water, forest, land, waste, biodiversity and protected areas in the region as well as gives more detailed analyses of the 11 administrative unites of the Northwest Federal District of Russia.
    • State of the Environment in Moscow 1998
      1998? Makagonov, P.P., ed., K.B. Norkin, editor-in chief et al.
      Prepared with support from GRID-Arendal, this state of the environment report for Moscow includes an integrated environmental assessment that uses the Pressures-State-Response model. The report assesses environmental components and problems such as soils, water, vegetation and wildlife. Three driving forces of environmental change are discussed: transportation, industry and public services and population. Finally, the report assesses the state of four environmental policy instruments in Moscow: an integrated environmental action programme, monitoring and research programmes, environmental education and international cooperation. The report includes 34 maps and graphics (legends available only in Russian).

Serbia and Montenegro

Slovakia

Slovenia

  • Environment in Slovenia 1996
    1996 Ministry of the Environment and Physical Planning (MEPP) and MEPP Nature Authority, Slovenia
    This report uses the pressure-state-response framework to assess six main environmental themes for Slovenia: air, water, soil, nature and biological diversity, waste and radiation. It also discusses socio-economic integration and five environmental problems and themes: climate change, chemicals and genetically modified organisms, photochemical smog, urban stress and coastal management.

Tajikistan

  • Tajikistan 2002 State of the Environment Report
    2002 Research Laboratory for Nature Protection
    The report contains twelve environmental topics, as well as the information about the country and its socio-economic development, a collection of maps and graphics, and references to additional information sources. Environmental indicators used in this report are based on the national environmental priorities and correspond to the international set of indicators, including those accepted by OECD, UNCSD, EIA, and UNEP.
    Also available: Russian language version
  • State of the Environment in Tajikistan 2000
    2000 Research Laboratory for Nature Protection, Ministry for Nature Protection
    The report contains seventeen environmental issues, country's background information, socio-economic development review, references and sources of information, collection of maps and graphics. Description of each environmental issue is followed by the international indicator concept: pressures, state and responses. The environmental indicators used in this report are based on the national priorities and in many respects meet the demands of UNCSD, EIA, UNEP, and OECD for environmental information.
    Also available: Russian language version
  • Tajikistan State of the Environment 1998
    1998 Ministry for Nature Protection
    This report uses the Pressure-State-Response framework to assess the state of the environment in Tajikistan. Ten major environmental themes are assessed: water, urban environment quality, soils, biodiversity, forest resources, waste, natural landscapes, mining, air and natural disasters.
    Local reports
    • State of the Environment in Dushanbe 2001
      2001 Nature Protection Ministry
      Now, the state of the urban environment is good enough. However, the reason for this is not the introduction of new technologies or enhancement of environmental control, but the general decline in city's industry, associated with political and economic crisis. On another hand, a lot of activities of city administration and local environmental authorities to restore and enhance urban environment are also important and comprehensive.

Turkmenistan

  • State of Environment Turkmenistan 2000
    2000 Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan
    State of Environment Turkmenistan 2000
  • State of the Environment Turkmenistan 1998
    1998 Research and Production Center of Ecological Monitoring of Ministry of the Use of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of Turkmenistan
    This state of the environment report for Turkmenistan assesses eight major environmental sectors: climate, air, water, soil, biological diversity, fish resources, waste and mineral resources. For each sector, general conditions are assessed and programs for improvement are discussed. The report includes background information on Turkmenistan, its ecological legislation and related administrative bodies and a section on regional environmental problems.

Ukraine

Uzbekistan

  • State of the environment Uzbekistan 2001
    2001 Department of Ecological Information and Forecasting, State Committee for Nature Protection
    State Of Environment Report for Uzbekistan
  • Uzbekistan : National Report of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection 2000
    2000? Ecological Information and Forecast Department (Ecoinformprognoz); State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Goskompriroda); UNEP-GRID Arendal
    This state of the environment report for Uzbekistan covers seven major themes: geography, land resources (soils and agriculture), water resources, the Aral Sea, atmospheric air, waste and architectural monuments. The state of each sector is described, and where available, plans of action are discussed.
    Local reports
    • State of the Environment in Tashkent 2001
      2001 State Committee for Environment Protection
      The indicator-based popular assessment of the state of the environment in the Uzbek capital is a result of cooperation between the State Committee for Environment Protection and GRID-Arendal's CEROI prorgamme. The report is reviewed and endorsed by the Institute for Strategic Studies under the President of Uzbekistan.