Spatial distribution of soils in Georgia is characterized by vertical variability.
Kolkheti lowland is dominated by swamp soils with an area totaling to 200 600 ha (3.0% of the countries territory).
In Achara and Guria foothills at an elevation of 300-400 m from the sea level red earth with an area of 130 400 ha. (1.9%). is the predominant type of soil.
In Imereti and Apkhazeti yellow earth soils are spread at 300-400 m, s.l., 225 800 ha (3.2%). In the southern part of Samegrelo the old sea terraces are dominated by subtropical podzolic soils, 317 600 ha (4.5%).
In western Georgia, at an elevation of 400-1000m non calcareous parent rocks are covered by yellow and brown forest soils, 106 000 ha (1.5%).
In Western and Eastern Georgia soil variability is observed only under 1000m. At high elevations soil types are homogeneous. At the same time, the southern parts of the country is characterized by vertical variability.
In Western and Eastern Georgia at an elevation of 1000-2000m s.l. soils are of brown forest type, 1 172 200 ha (16.9%).
On the whole territory of the country 1800-2000m s.l. elevations are covered by mountain-forest-meadow soils, 492 000 ha (7.2%); 2000-3700m s.l. -- mountain-meadow soils, 1 477 200 ha (22.1%). Calcareous parent rocks above the 700m s.l. humus carbonate soils are dominant, 317 200 ha (4.5%).
In the East of the country (Gardabani and Marneuli districts), 350-500m s.l., grey-cinnamonic and meadow-grey-cinnamonic soils cover the surface, 511 400 ha (7.3%).
South-Eastern parts of the country is dominated by black earths, 266 800 ha (3.7%).
In the Eastern Georgia and mainly on Alazani lowland dominate solty soils, 112 600 ha (1.6%).
Middle belts of the Southern Georgia mountains are covered by black earth soils, 157 600 (2.2%).
Along the rivers, flowing across the country’s territory, soils of alluvial origin are present, total area being 351 400 ha (5.0%).
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