:saqarTvelos garemos mdgomareoba, 96 - haeri

garemosdacviT problemebs Soris atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis sakiTxi saqarTveloSi yovelTvis mtkivneulad aRiqmeboda. samwuxaroa, magram faqtia, rom saqarTvelos wamyvani industriuli qalaqebi: Tbilisi, rusTavi, quTaisi da zestafoni yofil ssrk-Si atmosferuli haeriT yvelaze dabinZurebuli qalaqebis ricxvSi Sedioda. miuxedavad bolo wlebSi samrewvelo da satransporto simZlavreebis mkveTri Sesustebisa, es arasaxarbielo mdgomareoba saqarTvelos qalaqebSi odnav Tu Semcirda.

saqarTveloSi haeris gamaWuWyianebeli nivTierebebis raodenobis aRricxva xdeba samrewvelo sawarmoebis mier yovelwliuri statistikuri “2-tp” (haeri) formis mixedviT. aRniSnuli formis wardgena social-ekonomikuri informaciis saxelmwifo departamentSi aucilebelia yvela moqmedi sawarmosaTvis.

avtotransportis mier gamonabolqvi mavne nivTierebebis jamuri raodenobis dadgena xdeba qveyanaSi Semotanili benzinisa da dizelis sawvavis raodenobisa da xarisxis daTvlis Sedegad. Tumca es mxolod saxelmwifo seqtorSi realizebul sawvavs exeba, kerZo seqtoris mier realizebuli sawvavis aRricxva ki jer aravis uwarmoebia.

garda amisa, 1991 wlamde qveyanaSi arsebobda haeris xarisxis monitoringis kargad organizebuli sistema. dakvirvebebi warmoebda saqarTvelos 11 qalaqSi: TbilisSi (7 sadguri), rusTavSi (4), quTaisSi, baTumSi, soxumSi, tyvarCelSi, zestafonSi, gorSi, marneulSi, kaspSi, axalcixeSi (sul 34 samonitoringo punqti).

aRniSnul sadgurebSi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi samjer izomeboda 4 ZiriTadi parametri: mtveri, naxSirJangi da azotisa da gogirdis dioqsidebi. sxva damabinZurebeli nivTierebebi: sulfatebi, gogirdwyalbadebi, fenoli, formaldehidi, amiaki, ozoni, benzapirini da mZime metalebi specifikuri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT zogierT punqtSi izomeboda. samwuxarod, saerTod ar tardeboda dakvirveba saTburi efeqtis gamomwvev gazebze: naxSirorJangze, qlorofluorokarbonebze, meTanze da a.S.

1991 wlidan aRniSnuli monitoringis sistema energetikuli krizisisa da ekonomikuri siduxWiris gamo TiTqmis mTlianad moiSala da amJamad sagrZnoblad Sesustebuli saxiT mxolod TbilisSi SemorCa.

saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeris dabinZurebis ZiriTad wyaros avtotransporti (arastacionaluri wyaro) da samrewvelo da energetikuli sawarmoebi (stacionalur wyaroebi) warmoadgenen. 80-ian wlebSi, romelic aRiniSneboda ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis donis stabilurobiT, am wyaroebidan yovelwliurad haerSi gamofrqveul mavne nivTierebaTa raodenoba 1370-1570 aT. tonis farglebSi meryeobda. stabiluri iyo agreTve am dabinZurebaSi arastacionaruli wyaroebis wili (66-70%).

1990 wlis Semdgom aRiniSneba am wyaroebidan haerSi mavne nivTierebebis gamofrqvevis mkveTri Semcireba. 1992 w. mavne nivTierebebis gamofrqveva 1986 wlis donesTan SedarebiT 4.5-jer Semcirda. 1992 wlis Semdgom saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo, avtotransportidan da stacionaruli wyaroebidan, haerSi mavne nivTierebebis gafrqveva ar aRricxula saTanado samsaxurebis mier. Tumca udavoa, rom warmoebis kvlavac Semcirebis gamo, stacionaruli wyaroebidan mavne nivTierebebis emisia kidev ufro Semcirda 1992 wlis Semdeg.