ATMOSPHERE.

Atmosphere Pollution

      Observations of an air basin state of a territory of Kyrgyzstan showed that the sources of atmosphere pollution may have a global, regional and local character. Below, we shall point out only atmosphere pollution by local sources (industry and motor transport).
        The main sources of air pollution are a motor transport, enterprises of power engineering, building materials, municipal services, mining and process industry, individual sector. The cities Bishkek, Osh, Tokmok, Kara-Balta have the greatest level pollution by some polluting substances in comparison with cities of the former Soviet Union of the same scale.

As a whole, wastes of polluting substances in atmosphere have much decreased during period 1989-95 from:

A decrease of wastes in atmosphere is connected to recession of manufacture in the republic.

        The analysis of volumes of outbursts of polluting substances in atmosphere shows that in Kyrgyzstan about 94% of all thrown polluting substances are of the main impurities (in 1995). Sold substances (soot, ash, dust) outbursts of which are 45.6% have the greatest specific weight among them. Outbursts of sulphur dioxide are 28.6%, of carbon oxide are 13.6% from all taken into account polluting substances. The least significant are outbursts of nitrogen oxide - 6.1% from total volume of outbursts.
        Hydrocarbons are on the basic place among specific substances. A portion of other taken into account anthropogenic impurities in atmosphere in this period was a little more than 3% from a total volume of outbursts.
The similar ratios of polluting substances were observed in previous years (1989-94).
        The analysis of change of average concentration of the basic polluting substances in atmospheric air for 1992-97 in Bishkek has shown the tendency to reduction of sulphur dioxide in atmosphere. The concentration of other polluting substances grows.

      In other cities of the republic (Osh, Kara-Balta) a tendency to increase of pollution of atmosphere by a dust, carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxide, formaldehyde is also marked that is explained by growing park of motor transport.
        The special concern is caused by a growth of pollution of atmospheric air by benzo(a)pyrene, a highly poisonous substance. So, as a whole on Bishkek, its concentration in 1996 (25.05 ng/m3) was twice more than in 1993 (8.35 ng/m3).
Thus, despite a decrease of total quantity of polluting substances for period of 1989-95, an atmosphere pollution still represents an ecological danger. The reason consists in decrease of amount of gas fuel, use of high-ash-bearing, high-sulphur, low-quality coals, inefficient work of gas and dust purifiers. .
        Observations on a presence of heavy metals in atmospheric air, spent in 1990 and 1996 in a number of cities of the republic, have shown that their concentration on the order, and sometimes on two orders, is lower than extreme allowable concentration

      Recently, one of the widespread phenomena which results in essential ecological changes on territories of various scale is a falling loss of acid rains.
        Study of spatial laws and temporary tendencies of acid falling and chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation for a number of cities of Kyrgyzstan during period 1991-94 has shown that a meaning of pH varies from 6.03 up to 7.67. This speaks about presence of low-acid and neutral environment in them.

 
 

Hydrogen indicator and mineralisation of acid
in cities of Kyrgyzstan
(1991 – 1994)
City  Value of pH Sum of ions, ìã/ë
Bishkek 6,8 24,2
Kara-Balta 6,7 24,2
Talas 6,5 37,7
Karakol 7,3  
Sari-Chelek 6,8  
Uzgen 6,7 38,6
Narin 6,8 125,8
Pokrovka 5,9 37,1
 
Data source: Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, SIC “Aral”;
State Agency on Hydrometeorology at the Government of Kyrgyzstan
 

       The main contribution to formation of chemical composition of precipitation bring in anions of sulphur hydrocarbon, nitrate and cations of calcium at the average meanings of mineralisation of precipitation in cities of the republic from 24.2 up to 125.8 mg/l.

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