On data of the State Agency
on Hydrometeorology at the Government of Kyrgyzstan, a radioactive situation
on the territory of Kyrgyzstan in 1996 remained stable. A concentration
of radioactive substances in atmospheric air, density of their falling
and power of doses of gamma-radiation on a place were in limits of natural
fluctuations.
Annual mean meanings of
radioactive fall in Bishkek, Jalal-Abad, Kara-Kol and Narin accordingly
were: 1.0; 4.8; 6.0; 4.5 Bk/sq m in a day.
Concentration of radioactive
substances in surface layer of atmosphere in Bishkek was 37*10-5 Bk/cu
m.
A level of an exposition dose of gamma-radiation for 1993-96 did not on the average exceed a natural background and was 15-26 microR/h in Issyk-Kul region; 15-22 microR/h in Narin region; 15-19 microR/h in Chu valley; 16-20 microR/h in Osh and Jalal-Abad regions.
During 1993-96, the Agency
on Hydrometeorology investigated the regions of tail storages and heaps
in Kadji-Sai, Shekovan, Minkush, and the place of storage of solid radioactive
waste being in 36 km to north-west from Bishkek. A radioactive background
near canyons was 19- 40 microR/h, and in a sanitary zone it was in limits
of natural background values.
The point estimations of
a radioactive situation are in a good consent with a map of dose loads
of natural gamma-radiation of the territory of the republic received on
data of episodical observations for the period 1950-96 by the Agency on
Geology and Mineral Resources at the Government of Kyrgyzstan.
The analysis of power of
a dose of gamma-radiation shows that 90-93% of the territory of the republic
is in limits of ecological norms of a level of gamma-radiation (about 30
microR/h) at insignificant prevalence of it in a north-east part of Kyrgyzstan.
On a background of natural
gamma-radiation, the anomalies are observed leaving for a limits of ecological
norms and caused by mining industry aglomerations of the republic.
Now, about 75 million cu
m of waste are deposited on the territory of the republic in 49 tail storages
and slime accumulators. Total amount of waste of a mining industry (620
million cu m) is concentrated in 130 objects.
Depending on a kind of processed
ores, waste may contain radionuclides, salts of heavy metals (cadmium,
lead, zinc), toxic substance (cyanids, acids, silicates, nitrates, sulphates
and other).
Occupying significant areas
(more than 754 ha), tail storages exert a negative influence on an environment
as at the stage of operation, and after preservation. The proof of this
is the analysis of power of gamma-radiation in the region of an arrangement
Maili-Sai tail storages where excess of allowable norms is observed
The problem of safe storage of a large amount of waste of mountain manufacture is aggravated by a presence of a considerable number of elemental phenomena on the territory of the republic. On data of Ministry on Extreme Situations and Civil Defence, 411 extreme situations were registered on the territory of the republic in 1994, from which 223 situations were caused by avalanches, 95 by landslides, 41 by spring floods, 53 by mudflows and other phenomena.
There are many heaps of mountain
breeds and sub-standard ores on the territory of the republic, which are
subject to moving by a wind, water and gravitational forces.
Total volume of heaps of
the enterprises of uranium manufacture is 1269 thousand cu m., an occupied
area is 230.4 thousand sq m, a power of an exposition dose of gamma-radiation
changes from 30 up to 350 microR/h.
Volume of heaps of the enterprises
of a colour and coal industry is 534 million cu m, area is 14170 thousand
sq m. Such polluting substances, as mercury, antimony, lead, arsenic, cyanids,
salts of heavy metals are storaged in these heaps.
The general area of territories
being subject to rehabilitation is 1200 ha.
