| Biodiversity of Kyrgyzstan |
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Particularly protected territories |
Kyrgyzstan inherited a national system of preservation in-situ from the former USSR.
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To preserve a natural variety, national parks and nature reserves were created in the republic.
General area of all specially protected territories of nature-reserved fund of the republic is 672.9 thousand hectares, or 3.3% of the total area of Kyrgyzstan, which is obviously insufficient.
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At present there is rather multifunctional network of territories and objects, forming particularly protected natural territories in the republic. At present Kyrgyzstan accounts for 86 P.P.N.T. with total area of 777.3 thousand hectares, which makes up 3.9 % of the total territory. However, they do not cover all important ecosystems and they are not situated in all biogeographical subdivisions of the country. |
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As for their functional significance, particularly preserved natural territories refer to 4 categories, adopted by International nature protection union:
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The reservations have definite specifications. Sary-chelek reservation preserves a unique landscape with a picturesque lake. Issyk - Kul reservation keeps hibernating waterfowl and the communities of the lakeside and lake as well. Naryn reservation preserves a maral population. Besh-Aral, Kratal - Zhalyryk, Sarychat - Eratash reservations preserve high- land and mountain middle land ecosystems. 3 botanical gardens, 2 zoos, 5 nursery gardens were organised for preservations of biological variety by ex situ method. Some of them have been existing since the Soviet epoch and the others were organised comparatively not long ago. Unique, rare and endemic species (which are in need of protection) are preserved in them. Practically all main types of forests (there are few of them) are included in particularly protected natural territories. They concentrate a considerable part of biological variety and play an important role in maintenance of ecological balance. Preserved areas include only parts (islands) of several ecosystems. Some of natural ecosystems are not included in the network of particularly protected natural territories. Their area should be enlarged for a possibility to reproduce the populations of the most important species. |
Most species need larger areas and ecological passages for moving to other areas, depending on the season of the year. Any economic activities are prohibited in reserves. In natural parks a limited economic utilisation of their territories is allowed. Some kinds or complex species are under protection on special territories. A considerable decrease of financing caused a staff reduction and less effective work of P.P.N.T. security service. Financial maintenance of P.P.N.T. is carried out by means of development of economic activity at the expense of resources utilisation (forest products, game, etc.). |
Legislative base and policy |
Institutional base is as follows:
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"On statement approve on national ecology expertise of Kyrgyzstan". At present nature protection legislation is being actively reformed and reorganized, adapting to new economic relations. Fauna protection law is at the approval stage, and Flora protection law is being worked out now. In June 1996 Kyrgyzstan joined the biological variety Convention. In the development of the articles of the above mentioned convention there is a transboundary project of the global ecological fund for preservation of the Western Tian- Shan biological variety. Besides Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan participate. |
Expenses on particularly protected territories |
Financial resources directed at biological variety protection, are allotted by republican budget in a volume of 6394.965 thousand soms, which accounts for 0.02 % from Gross National Product (GNP).
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A part of financial expenses is covered by means of the Republican nature protection fund (61.9 thousand soms). These expenses account for 8.3 soms per hectare, 1450 hectare of by a staff unit. At present, unfortunately there are no private investments, which will make a contribution to a biological variety preservations. The Kyrgyz Republic joined the Convention on biological diversity, adopted in Rio-de-janeiro in 1992, on july,26,1996. The World Bank gave $345.000 for preparation of project of biodiversity preservation in the Western Tiyn-Shan. The Global Ecological Fund gave $10.15 million for working out this project which will last 5 years and concentrate on 2 reservations on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and other specialy protected natural territories OOMT of the Western Tian-Shan. The German society of technical cooperation (GTZ) gave 1.5 million giuzmarok for the project of ecological and economic development planning of biospheric territory "Issyk-Kul". |
Reference:
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