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The total area of Kyrgyzstan state fund is 2,861.3 thousand hectares including 843 thousand hectares of land covered with forests.
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The main share of the total republic forest fund (89.9%) belongs to the State Forestry Agency. The woods of the forest reserves make up 4.6%, the town and fixed forests - 3.6%, the forests of the former collective farms - 2.4% of the total republic state forest fund area. |
In the forests there are more than 170 wood and bush species. The predominating forest-making species are: junipers, Tien-Shan fir-tree and walnut tree. The most valuable coniferous forests occupy 38.7% of the area covered with forests. The plantations of walnut tree make up about 4.6% |
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In the forests of northern Tien-Shan there are such kinds of trees as: firtree Picea schrenkiana, broad-leafed species including poplar Popules ssp., willow Salix spp in general. In western Tien-Shan, with drier territories, protected from northern winds, pistachio-tree Amuldalus communic grow. The famous genetic centre of the walnut forests is on the damper territories of the south, where Junglans regia is the main species. In the walnut forests the apple-tree Malus spp. as well as the maple Acer spp. grow. On the drier mountain slopes both in the north and south different kinds of the wood juniper occur. |
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A big share (41.3%) of the forest area is covered with bushes. On the whole 4.2% of the national territory is covered with forests. The forested areas of the oblasts in the republic are as follows: Djalal-Abad oblast - 9%, Naryn - 2.2% and Chui - 2.1%. Large tracts of forest grow at the altitude interval from 1300 to 2800 m above the sea level. |
More than half of the coniferous and hard leaf-bearing species areas are low dense. They perform the functions of the surface flow regulation and soil erosion prevention on the mountain slopes. The productive forests with density of 0.8-1.0 make up only 7.8% of the total area of the main forest-making species. In the period 1930-1988 because of the intensive forest use the forest areas decreased almost 2 times or by 513.3 hectares. including the main forest-making species: fir-trees - 72 thousand hectares, walnut trees - 16.3 thousand hectares, juniper - 320 thousand hectares. |
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At present, in spite of some increase of the territories covered with forest (in 1988 - 680.9 thousand hectares, in 1993 - 702.1 thousand hectares, in January 1998 - 849,5 thousand hectares) the quality of the forests, leaves much to be desired. According to the data of the last registration there is a distinct tendency of forest ageing in the region. The ageing process passes ahead of the process of the forest renewal. In the age structure of the forest, the ripe, over-ripe (44.8%) and middle-aged (32%) forest-making species predominate, but there is a noticeable deficit of the ripe (13.6%) and especially undergrowth (9.6%). These facts point to the natural ageing of forest and the necessity of its rejuvenation. Besides, loosing its main protecting functions, over-ripe forests are the main hotbeds of pests and diseases. |
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