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On data of the State Agency on Hydro-meteorology at the Government of Kyrgyzstan, a radioactive situation on the territory of Kyrgyzstan in 1996 remained stable.
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Annual mean values of radioactive fall in Bishkek, Jalal-Abad, Kara-Kol and Narin were respectively: 1.0; 4.8; 6.0; 4.5 Bk/m2 per day. Concentration of radioactive substances in surface layer of atmosphere in Bishkek was 37*10-5 Bk/m3. A level of an exposition dose of gamma-radiation for 1993-99 did not on the average exceed a natural background and was 15-26 microR/h in Issyk-Kul region; 15-22 microR/h in Narin region; 15-19 microR/h in Chu valley; 16-20 microR/h in Osh and Jalal-Abad regions. During 1993-96, the Agency on Hydrometeorology investigated the regions of tail storages and heaps in Kadji-Sai, Shekovan, Minkush, and the place of storage of solid radioactive waste being in 36 km to north-west from Bishkek. A radioactive background near canyons was 19- 40 microR/h, and in a sanitary zone it was in limits of natural background values Point estimations of the radioactive situation are in good consent with a map of the territory showing occasional observations of the dose of natural gamma-radiation received in the period 1950-96. The data was collected by the Agency on Geology and Mineral Resources at the Government of Kyrgyzstan |
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As a whole, in Kyrgyzstan the natural radiation background, measured above ground surface, fluctuates in the limits from 5 up to 50 microR/h.. Approximately 87% of the territory of the Republic has a natural background radiation varying between 5 and 23 microR/h, about 8% - up to 36 microR/h, while 4% has up to 47 microR/h, and less than 1% - from 50 microR/h and higher.
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In 1997 in the Issyk-Kul Hollow, radiometric measurements were carried out by a group of independent experts from Germany. 446 gaugings were made resulted in establishment of the fact that practically all the territory of Issyk-Kul Hollow is ecologically clean according to the approved standards of MPC, the fluctuations of radiation natural background are 5-20 microR/h, pollution of the territory with artificial radionuclides was not revealed.
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The analysis of the power of a dose of gamma-radiation, shows that 90-93% of the territory of the republic is within the limits of ecological norms of the level of gamma-radiation (about 30 microR/h). In the north-eastern area, there is an insignificantly higher value.
Chemical elements in slagheaps and tailing sites can be both in soluble and insoluble compounds. The most dangerous of them are mobile forms of compounds as they first of all participate in an ecological chain: ground, vegetation, fauna, man.
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Nowadays on the territory of the Republic has 48 tailing sites and slime-pits about 75 million m3 where wastes are stored. Total amount of mining industry wastes is stored in more than 130 objects comprising 620 million m3
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Depending on kind of processed ores, wastes contain: radio-nuclides, salts of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc), toxic substances (cyanides, acids, sulphates, nitrates). The total area under the influence of radioactive pollution in more or less degree is about 6 thousand hectares on which there are 145 million tonnes of radioactive wastes. A group of conserved tailing sites in the vicinities of Mailuu-Suu town (Djalal-Abad Oblast) is in most unfavourable condition. Here 23 tailing sites (total volume is 1,960 thousand m3) and 13 slagheaps (volume is 755 thousand m3) are located, from them 14 tailing sites and 12 waste dumps are in the town's boundaries. Significant areas (more than 754 hectares) are occupied by tail storages, and exert a negative influence on the environment, both at the stage of operation, and after preservation. The proof of this is the analysis of the power of gamma-radiation in the region of an arranged Maili-Sai tail storage, where the allowable norms have been observed. |
There are many heaps of mountain breeds and sub-standard ores on the territory of the republic, which are subject to moving by a wind, water and gravitational forces. The total area subjected to remediation makes up 1,200 hectares. Total volume of heaps of the enterprises of uranium manufacture is 1269 thousand m3, an occupied area is 230.4 thousand m2, a power of an exposition dose of gamma-radiation changes from 30 up to 350 microR/h Volume of heaps of the enterprises of a colour and coal industry is 534 million m3, area is 14170 thousand m2. Such polluting substances, as mercury, antimony, lead, arsenic, cyanides, salts of heavy metals are stored in these heaps |
There are many heaps of mountain breeds and sub-standard ores on the territory of the republic, which are subject to moving by a wind, water and gravitational forces
Total volume of heaps of the enterprises of uranium manufacture is 1269 thousand m3, an occupied area is 230.4 thousand m2, a power of an exposition dose of gamma-radiation varies between 30 and up to 350 microR/h. |
During 1996 the volume of toxic wastes made up about 627.3 thousand tonnes, of them: 453.0 thousand tonnes is of 1st class danger; 174.3 thousand tonnes is of 4th, 2.1 tonnes is of 2nd and 17.4 tonnes is of 3rd class danger. The main amount of pesticides is used in the process of cultivation of irrigation crops and plants. Nowadays consumption of pesticides in the Republic makes up from 40 up to 50% of needed quantity, in the average it makes up less than 2 kg/hectare. |
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Storing a large amount of wastes from mining safely is a problem. This is aggravated further by the presence of various elemental phenomena. On data of Ministry on Extreme Situations and Civil Defence, 411 extreme situations were registered on the territory of the republic in 1994, from which 223 situations were caused by avalanches, 95 by landslides, 41 by spring floods, 53 by mudflows and other phenomena. |
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