Republic Moldova is situated between 48^o 29' and  45^o 29'  northern  latitude  and  between  26^o 30' and 30^o 05' eastern  longitude.The  total  area  is  33740  sq.km.   The Republic Moldova is situated  is the South-East part  of the European  continent  and   has  a  convenient   geographical position,  completed  by  direct  exit  to  lower Danube and proximity of  Black Sea.  In the  West, Republic  Moldova is bordered  by  the  Romania  and  in  the  other parts by the Ukraine (North, East and South).

Republic  Moldova's  territory  includes  three natural zones:   forest, forest-steppe  and steppe.  It represents a component  part  of  the  Eastern  European  plain and it issituated  in  the   proportion  of  90% between the rivers Nistru and Prut. 59% of the country territory is situated in the  Dniester basin,  23% in  the Prut  basin, 11% in the basins of  small tributary  rivers of  Danube and  7% in the basins  of  small  rivers  which  flow  into  the Black Sea. Spatial distribution of the  different relief forms is  very heterogeneous leading to the nine geomorfological  districts located along North-South.

Mountains  and  plateaux  are   totally  missing,   the physical aspect  is flat  with only  hills and  plains of  a height mean of  147 m above  sea level.   The maximum height (429,5m)  is  in  the  central  part of the Republic Moldova Plain  or  B÷lûi's  Steppe   and  South  Moldova  Plain   or Budjeag's Steppe  and fluvial  terraces practically free of erosion and with the most fertile  soil.  Here  are located the largest Republic's orchards.

The  alternation  of  the  non-forest and forest steppe heights  with  the  surfaces  of  plan  and steppe gives the geographical configuration  of the  territory a  rich mosaic spectrum.  The riverain terraces with 2 slope constitute 35%  from the territory, those with 2-6%  slope - 37 % and those  with above 6% slope - 20%.   The territory of Moldova is  exposed to  some  intensive  exogenous  processes  -  soil  erosion,  landslide, Karstic phenomena, and  suffusions.  In the  last decades the frequency of erosion and landslides  increased as   a   result   of   the   impact   antropic   activities: deforestation,  the  ploughging  of  hills  and  slopes, the extraction of mineral resources, construction works, etc.

The territory of Republic of Moldova is situated in the seismic Carpathian zone and it is subject to earthquakes. Their  epicenter is  focused in  Vrancea on the territory of Romania. The maximum intensity of the earthquakes  on  Moldova's  territory  ranges between 6-8 on the Richter scale.

The total length of all rivers is 16000 km, the density of  the river  network is  0,25 km/sq  km. There are about 3500  of artificial  reservoirs, 80  of them  with the efficient  volume  more  than  1  mill  cu m. Main rivers of the Republic of Moldova are Danube  (little sector in the downstream of the confluence of tributary river Prut),  Nistru, Prut and Reut.

The area occupied  by the forest  are about 332500  ha, that made  up only  9,8% of  totality of  land cover of the territory. The area ocupied by the agricultural and agroindustrial collective and state interprises are about 86% of totality of land cover.

The climate is moderate continental with short mild winter and a long hot summer.  Average temperature is: January  -  3  to  5^oC,  July  +  19  to  +  22^oC.  Warmly resources  which  are  determined  by totality of positives temperatures  (higher  than  0^oC)  changed  from the North: 3200^oC  to  the  South  3800^oC,  namely  about 600^oC. The longevity of the  warm period is  146 to 180  dais per year. Solar r radiation coming to  the territory is 100-120  kcal/sq km  per year, 75% of which is due to warm period (april-september).  The  average  annual precipitation level is moderate, with 37 cm in the south and 56 cm in the  north of the country.