quality

SOIL DEGRADATION: Soil quality Moldova's soil has some unusual chemical features, with a high level of fluoride in the north-west, an iodine deficit in the north, and a manganese deficit in other regions. Reportedly, these characteristics, combined with the heavy application of mineral fertilizers comprising traces of heavy metals, have led to special reactions and conditions. As a result, the humus content of the soils in question has dropped sharply, leading to a negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus as crops consume many more nutrients than are available in soil water.

Data indicate significant levels of heavy metals, nitrates and pesticides in the soil profile. During 1990-1993, some soil samples contained nitrate levels of 256 mg/kg (national standard is 130 mg/kg), and lead levels of 36.3 mg/kg (national standard is 30 mg/kg). The highest amount of heavy metals was detected at a distance of 50-60 m from roads. In 1992, 3.3% and 11.4% of soil samples exceeded microbiological and chemical standards, respectively. A recent study of the Centre for Hygiene and Epidemiology shows that 1.4% out of 660 soil samples did not meet the standards because of high nitrate (5 samples) or metal content.

Soil biota and species selection. Destruction processes in soil have led to a decrease in the general abundance and variety of microfauna and microflora. It has also resulted in the reorganization of species and the accumulation of predatory varieties and toxic products. The focus on a few promising crops and monocultural agricultural practices in general have had a negative impact in this respect.

Figure 9.1: Main soil types of Moldova

Source: Institute of Geography and DEP.

Soil resources Soil quality Soil erosion Instruments used in management Conclusions and recommendations

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