CONTENTS

Impact pollution
Impact pollution is the pollution occurring in areas that are directly affected by pollution sources

The state of the atmosphere is outlined by the following aspects: impact pollution by various pollutants, the quality of atmospheric precipitation, the state of the atmospheric ozone layer, the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions and certain materializations of climate change issues.

Measurements for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, suspended particulates, depositing particulates and a series of specific pollutants were performed by the impact pollution survey network, thus ascertaining the following values:


© Gerry Ellis
  • maximum and minimum values of the concentration over 24 hours;
  • the frequency of the values exceeding the maximum concentration that is admitted on 24 hours (CMA);
  • mean annual concentrations


Pollution by sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and other noxious substances

For sulphur dioxide the values of the medium concentrations on 24 hours have exceeded the CMA on 24 hours (0.25 mg/m3) in the following localities: Zlatna (1.448 mg/m3 – 5.8 times CMA); Baia Mare (0.336 mg/m3 - 1.34 times CMA); Copsa Mica (0.648 mg/m3 - 2.6 times CMA) and Medias (0.365 mg/m3 - 1.46 times CMA). The CMA on 24 hours was exceeded with frequencies of 12.65% at Zlatna, 1% at Baia Mare, 2.79% at Copsa Mica and 0.57% at Medias. (figures 1.1 and 1.2).

For nitrogen dioxide the values of the medium concentrations on 24 hours have exceeded the CMA (0.1 mg/m3) in 4 localities (Calan, Craiova, Baia Mare and Turnu Magurele). The highest values were recorded at Baia Mare (0.307 mg/m3 - 3 times CMA), Craiova (0.171 mg/m3-1.7 times CMA), Turnu Magurele (0.104 mg/m3 - 1.04 times CMA), Calan (0.134 - 1.34 times CMA). The CMA on 24 hours was exceeded with frequencies of 4.06% at Craiova and 5% at Baia Mare, 0.45% at Calan, 0.45% at Turnu Magurele (figures 1.3 and 1.4).

For ammonia the values of the medium concentrations on 24 hours have exceeded the CMA (0.1 mg/m3) in 25 localities (Hunedoara, Giurgiu, Miercurea Ciuc, Gheorghieni, Socola, Bularga, Pacurari, Borzesti, Comanesti, Moinesti, Tg.Ocna, Turnu Magurele, Brasov, Arad, Ploiesti, Rm. Valcea, Raureni, Stolniceni, Craiova, Suceava, Tulcea, Zalau, Tg.Jiu, Alba Iulia, Baia Mare). The highest values were recorded at Moinesti (0.450 mg/m3 - 4.5 times CMA), Zalau (0.432 mg/m3 - 4.3 times CMA), Comanesti (0.360 mg/m3 - 3.6 times CMA), Baia Mare (0.284 mg/m3 - 2.84 times CMA), Borzesti (0,320 mg/m3 - 3,2 times CMA), Suceava (0,192 mg/m3 - 1,92 times CMA). The CMA on 24 hours for ammonia was exceeded with frequencies of 16,46% at Moinesti, 12,25% la Zalau, 11,31% at Comanesti, 7,5% at Baia Mare, 5,88% at Borzesti, 4,25% at Suceava. The outrunning of CMA on 24 hours is due primarily to the ammonia released into the atmosphere by the chemical fertilizers industries located in those areas. (figures 1.5 and 1.6).

In general, for sulphur dioxide the medium annual concentrations did not exceed the annual CMA (0.06 mg/m3). Outrunning of the annual CMA occurred at Zlatna (0.103 mg/m3-Gara Patranjeni and 0.125 mg/m3-Scoala Generala); higher values of the annual CMA were recorded in Medias and Copsa Mica. The outrunning of the CMA for sulphur dioxide at Zlatna is due to the emissions from SC Ampellum Zlatna. For the other localities, the outrunning of the CMA at sulphur dioxide is due to the processes of burning of the fuels with a higher content of sulphur.

For nitrogen dioxide, the values of the medium annual concentrations were exceeded in all the sampling points located nearby Craiova (the annual CMA 0.04 mg/m3). The highest values were recorded at Electroputere-0.087 mg/m3 and IPM-0.03 mg/m3. The outrunning of the CMA at nitrogen dioxide is due primarily to the traffic of vehicles, which increased in the last years. On the other hand, combustion processes have also an important contribution to the pollution of the atmosphere with nitrogen dioxide, outrunning were recorded in the area from the large thermal plants.

For ammonia the values of the medium annual concentrations have reached the highest values in the district of Bacau, as follows: 0.232 mg/m3 at Moinesti, 0.165 mg/m3 at Tg.Ocna and 0.152 mg/m3 at Comanesti. Since air quality standards in force do not specify a maximum admissible value for ammonia over a period of one year, the mean annual concentrations do not refer to a limit value.


Pollution by a series of specific pollutants originating from industrial activities.

At Copsa Mica, Medias, Zlatna and Baia Mare lead and cadmium were measured in the suspended particulates. Sulphuretted hydrogen was surveyed in 15 localities: Halanga, Giurgiu, Stefan cel Mare, Focsani, Calarasi, Onesti, Bradu, Suceava, Turnu Severin, Husnicioara, Braila, Chiscani, Lacul Sarat and Ploiesti. hydrochloric acid was measured in 10 localities: Stefan cel Mare, Onesti, Giurgiu, Curtea de Arges, Pitesti, Bradu, Campulung, Rm.Valcea, Stoiniceni and Raureni. Mercaptans were measured at Suceava.

The maximum values of the mean concentrations on 24 hours and the values of the frequencies of exceeding the CMA (%), for the specific pollutants are given in table 1.2.

Tabelul 1.2. The maximum values of the concentrations on 24 hours and the frequencies of exceeding the CMA for specific pollutants
  • lead – CMA – 0.0007 mg/m³
    		• Baia Mare – 0.017 mg/m³ (57.33%); Copsa Mica – 0.020 mg/m³ (70.29%); Medias - 0.016 mg/m³ (43.26%); Zlatna – 0.0007 mg/m³, (3.45%) - (figures 1.7 si 1.8)
  • cadmium– CMA - 0.00002 mg/m³
    		• Copsa Mica – 0.0008 mg/m³ (83.11%); Baia Mare – 0.0002 mg/m³ (32.66%); Medias – 0.0005 mg/m³(63.78%); Zlatna – 0.0002 mg/m³ (18.75%) - (figures 1.9 si 1.10)
  • sulphuretted hydrogen – CMA - 0.05 mg/m³
    		• Zimnicea – 0.059 mg/m³ (13.4%); Ploiesti – 0.056 mg/m³ (3.6%)
  • hydrochloric acid – CMA - 0.100 mg/m³
    		• Ramnicu Valcea – 0.140 mg/m³ (1.13%), Raureni – 0.160 mg/m³ (1.15%); Cazanesti – 0.140 mg/m³ (4.98%), Stolniceni – 0.120 mg/m³ (2.26%)
  • mercaptans – CMA - 0.00001 mg/m³
    		• Suceava – 0.00058 mg/m³ (29.57%)

    (Data provided by ICIM)

    In general, values exceeding the CMA over a period of 24 hours have been reported for specific pollutants, because the sampling points are sited particularly in the areas where such pollutants are released into the atmosphere.

    CONTENTS