2.) Development of the Unified State Environmental Monitoring System
in the Russian Federation.
P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, KENYA
Tel. +254 2 62 1234
The reproduction of this publication in whole or in part for purposes of resale or redistribution requires prior written permission from the copyright holder.
The view expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of UNEP.
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. BACKGROUND 2.1. Russia Today 2.2. Environmental Problems and Management 2.3. National Information Policy and Practice 3. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION CAPACITIES 3.1. Institutional Structure and Data Generation Activities 3.2. Environmental Information Systems and Products 3.3. Professional and Public Use of Environmental Information 3.4. Legal and Economic Framework 4. NETWORKING NEEDS AND PROBLEMS 4.1. Co-operative Agreements 4.2. Regional Programmes 4.3. Strengthening the National Information Network 4.4. Access to International Information Resources 4.5. Public Domain Data and Information Distribution REFERENCES MEETINGS USED AS INFORMATION SOURCES APPENDICES Appendix 1. Selected Contact Addresses Appendix 2. Metainformation and Directories Appendix 3. National State-of-the-Environment Reporting Appendix 4. Selected Acts on Environmental Information Appendix 5. Overview of the ENRIN Programme
Figure 1. Administrative division of the Russian Federation
Figure 2. Socio-economic regions of Russia
Figure 3. Federal-level environmental management system in the Russian Federation
Table 1. Major environmental problems by regions of Russia
Table 2. Principal environmental data responsibilities of selected state agencies
Last updated May 10, 1996 by Lorant Czaran / Go to GRID Arendal Homepage
AN SSSR Academy of Science of the USSR BAPMON Background Atmospheric Pollution Monitoring CAN Centre for Analysis of Science CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory CEC Commission of the European Communities CINAO Central Institute for Agrochemical Support of Agriculture CIP Centre for International Projects CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CISN Centre of Research and Statistics on Science CNIIAtomInform Centre for Public Information on Nuclear Energy CNTI Centre of Information on Research and Engineering DEA Division of Environment Assessmen EEA European Environment Agency EEP East European Programme ENRIN Environment and Natural Resource Information Networks EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA European Space Agency FAPSI Federal Agency for Governmental Communications and Information FCGS Federal Centre for Geo-Ecological Systems GDP Gross Domestic Product GenProkuratura Office of the Prosecutor-General GGO Main Geophysical Observatory GIPE State Institute of Applied Ecology GIS Geographic Information System GKhI Hydrochemical Institute GlavNIVC Main Research and Computation Centre GosAtomNadzor Federal Supervisory Board for Nuclear and Radiation Safety GosComOboronProm State Committee for Defence Industry GosComSanEpidNadzor State Committee for Sanitary-Epidemiological Supervision GosComStat State Committee for Statistics GosComVuz State Committee for Higher Education GosGISCentre State Research and Innovation Centre of Geoinformation Systems and Technologies GosGorTekhNadzor Federal Supervisory Board for Mining and Industry GosStandart Committee for Standardisation, Metrology and Certification GosStroy Ministry of Civil Construction and Architecture GosTekhKomissiya State Technical Commission GPNTB State Public Library on Research and Engineering GRID Global Resource Information Database GVC Main Computation Centre HEM Harmonisation of Environmental Measurement IASC International Arctic Science Committee ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions IEC Inter-State Ecological Council IEVB Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin IGCE Institute of Global Climate and Ecology ILO International Labour Organisation IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MARC Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre MBI International Bank of Ideas MBIT International Bureau for Information and Telecommunications MChS Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Response MinAtom Ministry of Nuclear Energy MinEkonomiki Ministry of Economy MinFin Ministry of Finances MinKultury Ministry of Culture MinNauki Ministry of Science and Technical Policy MinOborony Ministry of Defence MinObrazovaniya Ministry of Education MinPrirody Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources MinSelKhozProd Ministry of Agriculture and Food Production MinTopEnergo Ministry of Fuel and Energy MinZdravMedProm Ministry of Public Health and Medical Industry MVD Ministry of Internal Affairs NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NIC Research Centre NII Research Institute NII InformLes Research Institute for Forestry Information NPO Research and Production Enterprise NPP Research and Production Enterprise NTC Research and Technology Centre NTCIT Research Centre for Information Technologies OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PKO Map-Production Enterprise RAS Russian Academy of Science REFIA Russian Environmental Federal Information Agency RF Russian Federation RGB Russian State Library RKA Russian Space Agency RosAPO Agency for Legal Protection of Programs, Databases and Microcircuit Topologies RosArkhiv State Archive Service RosComInform Presidential Committee for Informatisation Policy RosComNedra Committee for Geology and Mineral Resources RosComRybolovstvo Committee for Fisheries RosComVod Committee for Water Resources RosComZem Committee for Land Resources and Management RosGeoInform Russian Research and Production Centre of Geoinformation RosHydroMet Federal Agency for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring RosIMZ Russian Institute of Land and Ecosystem Monitoring RosKartografiya Federal Agency for Geodesy and Cartography RosLesKhoz Federal Agency for Forestry RosNII IS Russian Research Centre for Information Systems RosPatent Committee for Patents and Trademarks RSFSR Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic TPP Chamber of Commerce and Industry UN United Nations UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation USGS United States Geological Survey USSEM Unified State System of Environmental Monitoring USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics VAK Higher Attestation Commission VGBIL V.I. Lenin All-Union State Library VINITI Institute of Information on Science and Engineering VNICLesResurs Research and Information Centre for Forest Resources VNIC SMV Research Centre for Standardisation, Information and Certification of Materials VNIERKh Research Institute of Economics, Information and Decision Support in Fisheries VNII All-Russian Research Institute VNIIGMI-MCD Research Hydrometeorological Institute - World Data Centre VNII Priroda Research Institute of Environmental Conservation VNIIPVTI Research Institute of Computer Technology and Information Problems VNIRO Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography VNTIC Centre of Information on Research and Engineering VodNIIInformProyekt Research Institute for Water Resource Information Systems VSEGINGEO Research Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Centre WHO World Health Organisation WWF World-Wide Fund for Nature
In 1994, UNEP initiated a program to support environment assessment, reporting and data management capacities in countries with economies in transition in Central and Eastern Europe. This includes identification of needs and the formulation of project proposals to meet these needs. With partner agencies and other donors, UNEP seeks to leverage finances to correct any imbalances. This activity is a part of UNEP's global ENRIN (Environment and Natural Resources Networking) programme, which is a direct follow-up of Agenda 21, chapter 40 on information for decision-making. This chapter underlines that there is a need for easily accessible environmental information at all levels, from that of senior environmental decision-makers to the grass roots. An agreement has been made with the GRID-Arendal centre in Norway for implementation of the ENRIN program in Central and Eastern Europe.
In response to the invitation from UNEP's Regional Director for Europe, Hans Alders, the Russian Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources, Victor I. Danilov-Danilyan, stated in his letter dated February 23, 1995 of Russia's strong interest in participating in the program, and expressed his support to the idea of programme's importance.
This report is the result of the initial analyses in Russia. It is intended to distil and present promising avenues of co-operation, stimulate discussion and promote international consensus on the way ahead. It also seeks to attract other partners to this important venture of ensuring true international co-operation in stimulating co-operative action on issues affecting our shared resources.
Assistant Executive Director Harvey Croze; UNEP; Nairobi, 31 August 1995
Director Svein Tveitdal, GRID-Arendal; Arendal, 31 August 1995
This report has been compiled at GRID-Arendal under UNEP's ENRIN programme. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to those persons responsible for contributions to this publication, in particular:
For writing the report, Nickolai B. Denisov of the Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (currently with UNEP/ GRID-Arendal).
For co-ordinating the publication and maintaining communication between the authors, the editors, the layout persons and others, Dawn Freund of GRID-Arendal. For making the publication fully UNEP-compatible and providing us with practical input, Danielle Mitchell of UNEP/DEA Nairobi.
The report was edited by Marina Denisova of Moscow and Solfrid Tjørhom of Arendal; Per Harald Stabell of Litangen & Kuvaas in Arendal was responsible for cover design; the front cover map and the insert administrative map of Russia were designed by Philippe Rekacewicz of Le Monde Diplomatique in Paris.
Constructive advice and practical support was provided by various individuals within the UNEP system, namely ENRIN co-ordinator Dan Claasen of UNEP/DEA in Nairobi, Andrea Matte-Baker of UNEP/ROE in Geneva and GRID-Arendal Director Svein Tveitdal.
Otto Simonett, Programme Manager, Eastern European and Developing Countries; Arendal, 9 September 1995
Last updated May 10, 1996 by Lorant Czaran / Go to GRID Arendal Homepage