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The international community has recognized the urgency of the climate change problem and the need to coordinate national activities globally. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol were very important steps in this direction. Over 170 nations of the world joined UN Framework Convention. Tajikistan ratified the UN Framework Convention in 1998, and accepted its commitments, as the Party not included in Annex I of the Convention. Climate change mitigation
requires complex approach, which involves measures on reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions and adaptation. These measures are targeted on climate change mitigation give The National Action Plan (NAP) for climate change mitigation to fulfill national commitments on UNFCCC and the First National Communication have been prepared in 2002 with support from the Global Environmental Facility and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan. The process of NAP preparation involved over 100 qualified experts from 30 ministries, institutions, academic and educational organizations. The National Action Plan indicates the priorities and measures to be undertaken by the Republic of Tajikistan to address the problem of climate change, to develop a capacity for further research and analysis of the climate system, its variability and change, to strengthen the international cooperation and joined efforts to mitigate climate change. The measures indicated in the National Action Plan serve as a basis for planning and decision making at all state levels and in all relevant sectors. Reduction of GHG emissions. For fulfillment of obligations to the UNFCCC (articles 4 and 12 UNFCCC) Tajikistan's National Action Plan includes the following measures on reduction of GHG emissions and enhancing of natural sinks of carbon:
Response measures targeted to different levels of implementation and involve all relevant sectors: energy, transport, agriculture, forestry and wastes. Limitation and reduction of greenhouse gases should ensure maximum efficiency and minimum expanses. Joining the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC in the perspective is a key factor and necessary condition for successful implementation of national commitments and participation in Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. Adaptation. Scientific data confirms, that at present, development and implementation of only measures on greenhouse gas emissions reduction is not sufficient for the prevention of dangerous anthropogenic impacts on the climate system. Considering Tajikistan's circumstances, adaptation to climate change is as important task in solving climate change problem as reduction of GHG emissions. Principal adaptation measures include:
Tajikistan has primary legislative and institutional basis to implement response measures on climate change. Main Administration on hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring (Tajik Met Service) is responsible for realization and coordination of activities related to the problem of climate change in Tajikistan. The Law of nature protection underlines the necessity of taking measures on minimization of anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere and climate. Systematic and in-depth observations of climate are needed to improve understanding of the global climate system, and mechanisms causing climate change. Study of climate system elements and their dynamics can promote the making of effective and proved economic, technical and social decisions. Tajikistan has two stations representing the global climate observing system (GCOS). The World Weather Watch (WWW) WMO involves 10 Tajikistan's stations of 58 national stations.
Economic reasons have resulted in the reduction of the meteorological observation network, and have been reflected in the deterioration of equipment and materials. For the period of 1991-2002, the activity and coverage of the meteorological observation network in comparison with the 1980s has decreased by 20%. Now, 11 stations out of 58 stations do not operate. There is a need to develop the National program on optimization of systematic observation network. In technological respect, Dushanbe heat power plant uses oil-gas fuel for its operations thereby reducing harmful substance and greenhouse gas emissions by 15-20% in comparison to similar capacity coal-based plant. A number of large and small hydropower plants provide the country with clean electric power and minimal GHG emissions. Small renewable energies increase in use.
NGOs and local communities install biogas and micro hydropower plants in remote mountain regions. National Academy of Sciences conducts the research on potential renewable energies. Reforestation in Tajikistan is annually implemented on the area 3-4 thousand hectares, however its efficiency is not adequate and forest degradation continues in spite of the fact that forest resources are good natural sinks of greenhouse gases and very beneficial in other ways. Adequate access to the resources of the Internet and distribution of climate change information in the national language is being implemented. The website with important facts, maps and graphics about climate change has been lunched. For a better understanding of the climate change problem by the public a series of broadcasts on radio and TV, publications in newspapers, popular books, and brochures were issued. |
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Last update 03/03/2003 |
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n that implementation costs are covered by further
economic, social and ecological benefits and promote sustainable development. 
