• condition of public health and life expectancy are determined in many respects by climate conditions;
• temperature rise in mountains amplifies the impact of hypoxia, which makes people living in these regions more vulnerable in comparison with those living in valleys; the most vulnerable are aged people;
• temperature rise and lack of rainfall, will lead to an increase of cardiovascular pathology, and decrease of respiratory diseases;
• vulnerability of urban population appear cardiovascular diseases whereas for rural population through respiratory diseases;
• temperature and humidity in some cases can create favourable conditions for reproduction of transmitters of infectious and other vector-born diseases, increasing their number and area, and making human beings more vulnerable;

Climate-warming will lead to an expansion of the areas suitable for malaria transmission and prolongation of period, favourable for reproduction of Anopheles mosquito that potentially increases malaria risk 6-7 times. In such situation without proper adaptation measures, the number of infected people will reach 100000 a year. Warmer climate also increases occasions of such climate-related diseases as typhoid, paratyphoid, dysenteries, amebiasis, helminthiasis, etc.

Alterations in hydrological cycle will lead to water shortage and an increase of water temperature in the rivers. It will favour to the formation of potential choleric water reservoirs, especially in lower reaches of the rivers Vakhsh, Kafirnigan, Syrdarya, and others.

Probably, rise of extreme summer temperatures will lead to higher infant and adult mortality.

Winter sport is an important factor in strengthening public health. However, climate warming, small snow stocks and other factors within mountain ski lodges will continue to deteriorate winter sport activities in Tajikistan.

In the circumstances, when the climate is changing very rapidly, human adaptation mechanisms are overstrained, and cannot react appropriately. This increases human beings vulnerability. The climate change impact on public health and mortality remains poorly studied both in Tajikistan and in the world. There is a need in future detailed investigations.